Hi Folks
Once you have swung your golf club: whether it is your golf driver, pitching wedge, or one of your other golf clubs, to send the ball hurtling down the fairway the golf ball becomes an object in flight and is subject to the laws of aerodynamics. One of the most influential components of how and in what direction your ball flies as it heads down the fairway is the wind. Let’s take a brief look at how the wind influences the golf ball in flight…
An object in flight, be it an aeroplane, a bird, a stone, or in our case a golf ball, is subject to several different forces acting upon it. The problem with a golf ball is that once it has left your club face it has no steering ability; except perhaps for what you have done to it during your golf swing. Let us ignore other factors such as ball spin and ball design and concentrate solely on how the wind affects the flight of the ball.
1. Wind direction in relation to the ball
Assuming there is some wind blowing, a ball moving directly into the wind can usually maintain its direction. The wind is acting on the front of the object symmetrically so the direction of travel will not change significantly. The same is true if the wind is directly behind the ball. The difference between these two is that a ball heading into wind will eventually slow down (due to wind resistance and drag) whereas a ball with the wind behind it may accelerate for a time and then slow down due to other forces (such as drag).
When the wind is at any angle to the direction of travel of the golf ball it will tend to push the ball off course – the direction will change! How much the ball is blown off course will depend on the angle at which the wind is striking the ball. Starting from the front, i.e. ball heading directly into the wind, as the angle between the ball direction and the wind direction increases to the side, the ball will be pushed further off course in the opposite direction to the wind. If the wind is coming from the right, the ball will be pushed left. The maximum deflection of the ball can be expected when the wind is directly from the side of the direction of travel of the ball, i.e. the angle is 90 degrees. Therefore, a ball heading North being hit by a wind from the East (moving to the west) will be pushed towards the North West (or to the left as you look from the back of the ball).
This also applies when the wind is behind the ball. However, since the ball and wind are both going in the same direction you can expect the change in direction to be less.
2. Wind speed and ball speed
Of course the direction of the wind in relation to the direction of travel of the ball is one factor to consider; the other factor is the speed or strength of the wind. It makes sense that the stronger the wind is the faster it is travelling and therefore the greater its affect will be on the ball. Push something harder and it moves further! If the wind is hitting the ball from any angle from the front you can expect the ball to both be pushed off course and to slow down. However, these two things are slightly opposite. For any given wind speed or force, if the wind is more from the front the direction changes less than if the wind is more from the side BUT the ball will slow down more with the frontal wind than it will with the side wind. A similar principal applies when the wind comes from behind the golf ball.
3. The distance the ball needs to travel
The third factor to consider is how far the ball needs to travel. The longer time the ball is in the air the greater the influence of the wind acting on it. Under the same wind conditions of direction and strength, if you are making a 100 yard pitch shot the correction required will be less than if you are making a 200 yard driver shot.
4. What does this mean when I play?
These aerodynamic forces need to be taken into account whenever you play a golf shot and adjustments need to be made to compensate for how the wind will affect the flight of the ball. Disregarding the intentional use of spin, which is somewhat more advanced, or the spin induced by the design of the golf ball, if you want to place the ball reasonably accurately feel the wind. Judge the wind direction, angle, and strength in relation to a line from your position to your target and adjust your play accordingly. In general if the wind in coming towards you, i.e. you are hitting into wind, then the ball needs to go towards the wind direction because it will be pushed away from the wind direction in flight. If the wind is from behind your position you need your ball to go to the same side as the wind. For example, if the wind is from behind and the right, the ball needs to go to the right as well.
With this basic knowledge of how the wind affects your golf ball in flight you should be better equipped to start making the correct adjustments when you play. Practice combined with knowledge will produce better results.
Cheers
Les
If you found this interesting, or you have some thoughts to share, leave a comment!